Firearm.



No. 764,513. PATENTED JULY5-,-1904.

F. K. YOUNG.-

FIREARM.

non FI ED 00w.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATENTE JULY 5, 1904 1?. K. YOUNG.

FIREARM. APPLIGATION FILED 001".10, 1902.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2 NO MODEL.

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' jhw/enzow laziness 651' @MM 6 H grow We oQfiorney 4 3/ Wrab f ATENTED JULY 5, 1904.

E. K. YOUNG. FIREARM.

APPLICATION FILED OUT-10, 1902.

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means for automatically locking the bolt beno. resets. Patented July 5, recs.

i I -7- l Tm PTMTHN j -r-Hqw s 4 i. Nilfliii Lil no i an? it FRANKLIN K. YOUNG, 0F BOSTGN, MASSACHUSElZ S.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent Trio. 76d,513, dated July 5, 1904. Application filed October 10, 1902. Serial No. 126,731. (Ila model.)

Fig. 10 is a bottom view'oi' a portion of the bolt, showing the guide-slot. Fig. i1 is a detail plan view of the iirin pin. Fig. 12 is a detail side elevation of the firing-pin. Fig. 13 is a cross-section on line 13 13 of Fig. 12. Fig. 1% is a cross-section on line 14 14 of Fig. 12. Fig. 15 is'a cross-section on line 15 15v of'hig. 12. Fig. 16 is a detail side elevation, and Fig. 17 is an end elevation, of the ing 17 when in the position shown in Figs. 6 and 7. Fig. 18 is a side elevation, and Fig. 19 is an end elevation, of the fid 19. Fig. 20 is a cross-section on line 20 20 of Fig. 21, show ing the yoke. 21 is a side elevation,

To aZZ whom, it may concern.- I

Be it known that I, FRANKLIN K. YOUNG, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Boston, in the county of Sufi'olli and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Firearms, of which the iollowingis a specification.

The invention relates to improvements in the breech mechanism of firearms.

One object of the invention is to provide spring.

fore the-cartridge is exploded and automatica unlocking the bolt after the explosion.

0 i innther OlOJBCh of the invention is to provide a guide and support for the bolt when partly in section, showing the rear part of the 5 the bolt is thrown back after firing. bolt and firing-pin and connections. Fig. 22 Another object of the invention is to prois a plan view, partly in section, showing the vide means for automatically returning the firing-pin and its rear-end connections. bolt to the firing position after it has been Referring now to the drawings, 1 is the thrown back. breech portion oi'agun-stock, partially broken The invention is especially adapted for use away. 2 is the bolt-casing, 3 the bolt. and i in firearms in which the initial movement of the firing-pin, which is held and carried in the the breech mechanism after firing is the rearbolt. Lhe bolt has a longitudinal movement ward movement of the firing-pin actuated by within the casing 2, and the firing-pin has a the explosion before movement of the bolt; longitudinal movement within the bolt. The but it is not in all of its features exclusively bolt also has a partially rotary movcmcntinr limited to that class of firearms. i parted to it by the longitudinal movement of The invention consists in the several novel the iiring-pimas will behereinafterdescribed. features which will be fully described herein 5 is the magazine, which, however, forms and which will be particularly pointed out in 21: part of this invention, the claims at the close of the specification. in order to guide and steady the bolt in its in the drawings, Figure 1 is a plan of a longitudinal movement, the rearward extenbree'ch mechanism of a firearm embodying the sion =f of the casing is formed with guidcways invention, showing the parts when in position 7, in which slide the flanges 8 on the yoke f) for firing. Fig. 2 is a plan showing the pol at the roar of the bolt. (Sec Figs. 3, 4, 7, 5 sition at the time of explosion. Fig. 3 is a l and 20.) The yoke l) is connected with tho plan showing'tho position when thrown part bolt 3 by a male and female thread, so thatin way back after. the firing. Fig. i is a plan thelongitudinalmovomontofthe boltthcyokc showing the position when thrown clear back 9 will be carried with it without interfering after the firing. Fig; 5 is a partial side elewith the partial rotary movement oi the bolt. vation of Fig. 2 with the front ongl or thccas- (See Fig. 21.) it is not intended to limit the ing' broken away to show the locking oi the I guide and way to the particular form oi conbolt by projections on the bolt engaging with struction shown, as it is obvious that tlw l'oriu shoulders on the casing. Fig. 6 is a side clemay be varied. vation "partly in section, of Fig. ii Fig. 7 is Surroumling the firing-pin i isa roibspring a side elevation, partly in section, of Fig. 5. 12, the forward end of which butts against Fig. 8 is a cross-section through the bolt on an abutment which is fast to tho firing-pin, line 8-8 of Fig. 7, showing the i'ronts'top for and the rear end oi which butts against an the spring. Fig. 9 is a cross-section on line abutmontwhich is not fast to the tiring-pin, 9 9 of Fig. 7, showing the roar stop for the so that when the firing-pin moves rcarwardly 0o the oblong portion 10, thus forming notches with relation to the bolt the spring will be compressed. The rear abutment, as illustrated in the drawings, consists of a ring 13, through which the firing-pin passes loosely. The ring 13 has a neck 14, which passes through aslot in the side of the bolt, andahead 16, which lies on the outside of the bolt. The slot 15 is slightly elongated, so as to permit a short longitudinal movement of the ring 13; but the spring 12. will normally hold the ring 13 in its most rearward'position. The forward abutment consists of a ring 17, which is made fast to the firing-pin and has a stud 18, which enters an elongated camway or slot in the side of the bolt. (See Fig. 10.) The method shown of fastening the ring follows: The forward portion of the firingpin which moves in the perforated head of" the bolt is cylindrical, as shown in Figs. 11, 12, and 15. Back of this cylindrical portion the pin has a short portion 40, which is oblong in cross section, as shown in Fig. 14, the shorter diameter being the same as the diameter of the cylindrical portion. Back of the said oblong portion 10 there is a short cylindrical portion 11 and back of that there is another portion 12 also oblong in cross-section like -26 46 between the two oblong portions on two sides. The ring 17 is formed with an oblong opening 43 (see Fig. 17) of the right form and size to slip over the oblong portion of the firing-pin and will therefore, of course, pass over the cylindrical portion. The ring is passed over theeylindrical end of the firingpin and moved back until it passes the oblong portion &0 as far as the short cylindrical portion &1 between the two oblong portions 10 and 42. The ring is then given a quarterturn, bringing the oblong opening in the ring at right angles to the oblong section of the firing-pin and bringing the sides of ,said ohlong opening into the notches 46 in the firingpin. When in this position, the ring 17 will engage with the sides of the notches, and

therefore cannot be moved forward or back. in order to holdthe ring in this position, the iid 19, having an oblong ole 4 1 similar to that in the ring and rogided with fingers 20, (see Figs. 18 and 19, is slipped on over the cylindrical end of the firing-pin and back onto the oblong sectional part 10, with the fingers 20 extending through the oblong opening 43 in the ring 17 on opposite, sides of the cylindrical portion i1 and wedging tion, thus preventing the ring from turning or from endwise movement. The cam-path in the bolt in which the stud 18 moves is formed with a longitudinal forward portion 21, a diagonal middle portion 22, and an enlarged rear portion 23, having a notch 24:, which forms a seat for the stud 18 during the rearward movement of the bolt after the firing-pin has made its initial rearward movement and during the forward movement of 17 to the firing-pin is as 1 it in its posi-' the bolt until the stud is thrown outin the manner to be hereinafter described. If the firing-pin be moved forward or back relative to the bolt, it is apparent that when the stud 18 passes through the diagonal portion 22 of the cam-path as the firing-pin is incapabl rotary movement the bolt which isfree to turn will be given a partial turn. I At the forward end of the bolt are one or more lugs or projections 25, which when the bolt is in its most forward position, as it will side of the casing 2, thereby preventing the bolt from moving rearwardly until the bolt is tu'rned to disengage the projections 25 from the shoulders 26. (See Figs. 5 and 6.) This turning of the bolt and consequent disengagement cannot take place until the firing-pin moves rearwardly first through the straight portion 21 of the cam-path and then through the diagonal portion 22.

Projecting up through the bottom of the rear extension 6 of the casing is a stop 27, which when the bolt 3 is thrown rearwar' engages the head 16 of the ring 13, which forms the rear abutment of the spring 12. It is apparent that if the bolt be thrown back so as to cause 27 with force, said head 16 and the ring-abutment 13 being capable of movement as already explained, it will compress spring 12, and when the rearward movement of the bolt is finished the expansion of the spring will cause the bolt to rebound forward. The stop 27 is preferably mounted on a spring-seat 28, so that by depressing the spring, as can be done from outside by hand, the stop 27 will be dropped, thereby enabling the bolt to be entirely withdrawn, if desired for any reason. After the cartridge is exploded the force of the gas thus generated will first drive the firing-pin violently backward without rearward movement of the bolt until the bolt is turned by the passage of the stud 18 through the diagonal portion of the cam-slot, as already explained. The impulse thus given'to the firing-pin will carry it far enough to bring the stud 18 up into the enlarged. portion of l the cam-path, and then the spring 12, which has thus become tense, will throw the firingforward again until the stud 18 drops into the notch 2 1, and thus locks the iiring-pin in relation to the bolt until the stud becomes disengaged from the notch, as will be hereinafter described. As soon as the re: traction of the firing-pin has turned the bolt l to disengage the lugs 25 from the shoulders 26 inside of the casing the bolt 3 will also be pin slightly driven rearwardly, causing the head 16 to strike the stop 27 with force, compressing the spring 12 still farther, as already explained, and thereby causing the bolt to rebound forward with force.

The yoke 9' is cloven on the under side, forming the two flanges 8. Fast on the rear eof be when ready for firing, will engage with the shoulders 26 inthe head 16 to strike the stop spring will throw the tiring-pin forward with er l of the firing-pin and forming a part thereof is a sleeve 45, having on the under side 2.

lug 29, which extends downwardly and forwardly between the flanges 8. The method of attaching the sleeve 45 to the firing-pin is not claimed as new, and therefore is not spe- A hand-piece and collar the trigger-catch 30 in the forward movement oi the bolt engages with the cam portion 33 of the bolt-casing. The effect of this engagement, however, is not to immediately stop the forward movement of the bolt. The projection 32 will ride down on the inclined cam edge 33 and part way down the square end beyond the incline, and the bolt 3 will continue to move forward a short distance, as allowed by the cam 33, after the firing-pin is brought to a'stop by the trigger-catch 30. At the same time the-cam action will give the bolt a partial turn. This forward action of the bolt after the firing-pin is brought to a stop will carry the notched portion 24 of the cam-path away from the stud 18, and the turning action of the'bolt will bring it around so as to bring the entrance to the diagonal portion of. the cam-path in line with the stud 18. (See Fig. 10.} The liring-pin will thus be permitted to move forward without impediment when the trigger is pulled to release the catch 30 from the lug 29, which forms a part of the firingpin. Although the bolt has completed its forward movement, it has not yet turned its full extent and will not do this until the firingpin moves forward and carries thestud 18 through the diagonal portion of tho cam-slot, and this cannot occur until the trigger is pulled. The projections or lugs on the to vard end of the bolt are, however, in position, so that when the bolt docs complete its turning the said projections will be brought 1 around in frontol' tho ll()lll(l(3l'$ 263 to lock the bolt against retraction during the movement K of tho firing-pin through tho cam-path after i the discharge, as already described. The i spring 12 during all this time is under tonl sion, and as soon as the trigger 31 is pulled to rcloaso the catch 30 from the tiring-pin tho violence and cause it tooxplodo the cartridge, I the bolt being in the meantimegiven thocomplotion of its turning movement and locking the bolt against retraction. The explosion j will throw the firing-pin again to the rear, I then unlock the bolt, and throw it roarwardly i and then forward again to bring the firing pin again into position to be thrown forward by the spring 12 without impediment when i the trigger is pulled, in the manner already'i descr bed.

While the cam-path is shown as extending through the wall of the bolt, it is obvious that it may be either a groove or any other form of guideway. It is also obvious that the campath and stud may be eithersingle or double, also that the cam-path may be formed in the firing-pin and the stud may project from the bolt, and still 'bewithin the scope of my invention. The essentialfeature is that there should. be a connection which will turn the bolt, so as-to lock and unlock it at the proper time.

The firearm herein described is especially adapted for use witha cartridge such as.

shown in United States Letters Patent No. 624,146, granted to me May 2, 1899, but is not intended to be limited to use with that particular form of cartridge.

It is obvious that any form of easing may I be attached for protecting the hand and face of the user of the gun against the bolt when moving rearward.

What I claim is% 1. In breech mechanism for firearms, a bolt, a firing-pin carried in the b t, a coil-spring surrounding the tiring-pin, a front abutment for said spring attached to the firing-pin: a

rear abutment for said spring carried by the bolt, said bolt being capable of a limited movement longitudinally with relation to said rear abutment, a stop which engages said rear abutment when the bolt is thrown rearward and permits rearward movement of the bolt' relative. to. the 'spring, thereby compressing the spring so that the spring will throw the bolt forward again, substantially as described.

2. In breech mechanism for firearms, a bolt, a tiring-pin carried in the bolt, a coil-spring surrounding the firing-pin, a front abutment for said spring attached to the firing-pin, a rear abutment for said spring carried by the bolt, a slot in said bolt and a lug projecting from said rear abutment through said slot,

said slot being elongated whereby the bolt is permitted a longitudinal movement relative to the rem-abutment, and a stop which engages with the lugon said rear abutment when the bolt is thrown rearward thereby compressing the said spring so that the spring will throw the bolt forward again, substantially as described.

3. ln breech mechanism for firearms, a bolt, a tiring-pin carried in said bolt and movable longitudinally therein, means for preventing rotation of the firing-pin during its longitudinal movement in the bolt, a coil-springsurrounding the liring pin, a front abutment for said spring attached to the firing-pin, a rear abutment for said spring carried by the bolt,

said bolt bcingcapablc of a limited movement rear abutment of to pai:tiall y .ated by themovement of the firing-pin to brought into operative position by the rear ward "prevents forward movement of the firing-pin, and a cam which is engaged by the bolt on the rebound and turns the bolt and disengages the safety-detent, substantially as described.

6. In breech mechanism for firearms,a casing, a bolt which is both slidable and rotatable, a firing-pin which is slidable within said bolt, a coil-spring surrounding said firing-pin, a fixed abutment on said firingpin for the forward end of said spring, a rear abutment for said spring mounted in said bolt, the bolt being capable of a limited movement relative to said rear abutment, a projection on said rear abutment which extends through an elongated slot in the side of said longitudinally with relation to said rear abutment, a detent for the bolt in its forward position to prevent longitudinal movement, connections between the firing-pin and bolt actupartially rotate said bolt before the firing-pin completes its forward movement to the car tridge, and causes the engagement of the bolt with said. detent and which rotates the bolt in the reverse direction during the rearward movement of the'firing-pin, and releases the detent-after the firing-pin has partially completed its rearward movement permitting the bolt to move rearwardly under the force of the explosion, a stop which engages the rear abutment of said spring before the bolt completes the rearward movement, thereby compressing said spring and causing the bolt to rebound, and a trigger which engages the firing-pin and stops its forward movement, substantially as described.

4. In breech mechanism for firearms, abolt, a firing-pin carried in said bolt and movable longitudinally therein, means for preventing rotation of the firing-pin during its longitudinal movement in the bolt, a coil-spring surrounding the firing-pin, a front abutment for said spring attached to the firing-pin, a rear abutment for said spring carried by the bolt, said bolt being capable of a limited longitudinal movement relative to said rear abutment, a detent for the bolt in its forward position to prevent longitudinal movement, a cam connection between the tiring-pin and bolt actuated by the movement of the firing-pin which partially rotates said bolt before the firing-pin completes its forward movement to the cartridge and causes the engagement of the bolt the projection on the said rear abutment and stops it while the bolt is free to move farther rearward, substantially as described.

tatable bolt, a firing-pin carried in said bolt, a projecting lug on said firing-pin, a guideway in which said lug moves when the firingpin moves whereby the firing-pin is prevented from rotation, a stud on said firing-pin which engages with a cam-slot in said bolt whereby the rearward movement of the firing'pin in said bolt turns the bolt, a notch in said cam-slot and a spring which is compressed by the rearward movement of the firing-pin and throws the iiring-pin forward far enough to engage said stud with said notch, means for throwing the bolt forward again, a projection on the bolt which engages a cam portion of the bolt in such way as to disengage said notch from the tiring-pinj and a trigger which prevents full forward movement of the firing-pin until the trigger is pulled, substantially as described.

8. in breech mechanism for firearms, a rotatable bolt and a receiver therefor, a firingpin in said bolt movable therein, a projection on the firing-pin which moves in a fixed guideway when the firing-pin moves and prevents rotation of said tiring-pin, cam connections between the firing-pin and bolt whereby the movement of the firing-pin causes turn, mechanism which stops the tiring-pin in its rearward movement before the bolt stops, and cam connections between the bolt and receiver which partially turn the bolt during the rebound of the bolt, substantially as described.

in testimony whereof I have afiixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

FRANKLIN K. YOUNG.

with said detent and which rotates the bolt in the reverse direction during the rearward movement of the firing-pin and releases it from the detent after the firing-pin ha partially completed its rearward movement, permitting the bolt to be moved rcarwardly by the force of the explosion, a stop which engages the said spring before the bolt completes its rearward movement, thereby compressing said spring and causing the bolt to rebound, a safety-detent in the bolt which is brought into position by the rearward and turning movement of the bolt and prevents forward movement of the firing-pin, a cam l which is engaged by the bolt on the rebound l and turns the bolt to disengage said detent i from the firing-pin, and a trigger which ongages thctiring-pin,substantiallyasdescribed. l 5. ln breech mechanism forlirearms, a bolt, a firing-pin, mechanism which causes the bolt rotate when it is driven back after \Vitnessesz.

WILLIAM A. COPELAND, NATHAN B. DAY.

tially rebound after it has been driven reariiring, mechanism which causes the bolt to parwardly, a safety-detent on the bolt which is 1 bolt, and a stop on the casing which engages the bolt to 7 In breech mechanism for firearms, a rocasing and moves the 

